The year 2025 marks the centenary of quantum mechanics, a revolutionary scientific framework that reshaped our understanding of the universe. In 1925, Werner Heisenberg, along with Max Born and Pascual Jordan, introduced matrix mechanics, the first complete formulation of quantum theory. A year later, Erwin Schrödinger offered his wave mechanics, soon shown to be mathematically equivalent. These developments, together with Dirac's quantum electrodynamics and Bohr's atomic model, laid the foundation for one of the most successful theories in science.

Unlike classical physics, quantum mechanics describes the world at its smallest scales—atoms, electrons, photons, and quarks—where particles can be waves, locations are probabilities, and interactions occur through discrete energy packets called quanta.

From Uncertainty to Understanding

Quantum mechanics challenged classical intuition. Concepts like superposition (particles in multiple states), entanglement (instantaneous correlations at a distance), and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (limits of simultaneous knowledge) forced scientists and philosophers to rethink what it means to measure, observe, and know reality.

While controversial at first—Einstein famously said *“God does not play dice”*—quantum theory proved indispensable. It allowed for precise predictions, new materials, and the entire modern electronics industry. Quantum mechanics moved from paradox to practicality, from pure theory to applied innovation.

100 Years of Innovation: Technology Powered by Quantum Theory

The scientific revolutions that followed are a direct consequence of quantum mechanics:

- Semiconductors and transistors: Foundational to all modern electronics, including computers and smartphones 

- Quantum chemistry: Enables simulations of molecules and reactions, essential in materials science and drug development 

- Lasers, GPS, and MRI: Medical imaging, timekeeping, and navigation all rely on quantum effects 

- Quantum computing: Using qubits, superposition, and entanglement for processing information exponentially faster 

- Quantum cryptography: Offering theoretically unbreakable encryption through entangled photons 

- Quantum gravity and cosmology: Extending our understanding to black holes and the fabric of spacetime 

A Global Centennial Celebration

The 100th anniversary is being marked by institutions around the world with scientific symposia, exhibitions, and public engagement campaigns.

Global Highlights Include:

- CERN (Geneva, Switzerland): Hosting a colloquium series on quantum field theory, gauge symmetry, and particle physics 

- Perimeter Institute (Canada): Launching a special initiative on quantum computing and public science communication 

- ICTP (Italy): Convening physicists from the Global South for workshops on quantum foundations 

- Max Planck Institute (Germany): Organising an archival exhibition on the evolution of quantum thought 

- APS and IOP (USA/UK): Collaborating on a global lecture series titled “100 Years of Quantum: From Planck to the Future”

These events not only honour past milestones but also explore future directions—how quantum science intersects with artificial intelligence, climate modelling, and space exploration.

NMU Joins the Global Moment

Nelson Mandela University is proud to participate in this global centenary through a major national symposium:

"Quantum Legacies and African Frontiers in Theoretical Physics" (Quantum Sciences Symposium)

July 17–18, 2025 – South Campus, Nelson Mandela University

This event will showcase African contributions to quantum science, provide a platform for emerging researchers, and connect high school learners with the future of physics. It marks a pivotal step in ensuring that Africa has a voice and presence in the next 100 years of quantum science.

More Information About NMU's Celebration →

link to Prof Martin Weigt’s radio interview with Michelle Constant on SAfm on Saturday, 26 April.

Please share to the daily news coverage update:

https://omny.fm/shows/the-jet-set-breakfast-1/unlocking-innovation-how-quantum-science-shapes-our-world?in_playlist=podcast

Nelson Mandela University News Archive link for: Public Dialogue on Science and Society – A Flagship Event at the Schrödinger’s Cat Symposium

https://news.mandela.ac.za/News/Public-Dialogue-on-Science-and-Society-–-A-Flagshi